The Science of the Cheat Meal

The world of fitness nutrition is full of advice, interesting experiments and a myriad of supplements. How do we know what's right? Who do we trust? Should we eat a bit of everything in moderation or follow a strict diet to reach our fitness goals? Do we avoid certain foods? How do we keep ourselves motivated then?

So many questions! And there are just as many answers out there. I say go for advice from professionals or scientifically based information. Science can't be wrong, right?

Ask any sport scientist or nutritionist and you will be told that you can't just eat anything if you are looking to achieve top fitness levels. You need to fuel your body with the right foods on macro (e.g. proteins, carbs, fats) and micro (certain amino acids, minerals and vitamins) levels.

But, unless you've got will power of steel, it's almost  impossible to be 100% healthy 100% of the time. Even if you were, it may turn out not to be so healthy after all. Why? Let's learn about the science of the weekly cheat meal.

A cheat meal is a calorific galore of food which one should allow oneself once a week after following a healthy diet. It should revolve around a hormone called leptin, i.e. the anti-starvation hormone. It helps regulate the amount of fat the human bodies carry. That is to say the higher the amount of body fat, the higher leptin levels and vice versa.

During prolonged dieting, the levels of leptin in the body decrease (as does body fat). In fact, studies have shown that within the first week of dieting leptin levels can drop by 50%. When this happens an important molecule - glycogen - drops. The glycogen produced by the liver controls production levels of a host of other hormones including testosterone, oestrogen and cortisol. 

When glycogen falls, testosterone and oestrogen fall and cortisol (the stress hormone) increases. This is not good news for your muscles because cortisol makes you fat.What's more, when leptin levels drop too low, the fat burning process stops and the body, thinking that it is starving, will do all it can to store more fat!

Enter the cheat meal. Having a carbohydrate-heavy cheat meal once a week (preferably after an intense workout) raises leptin levels and actually boosts fat burning. Why? Leptin is closely correlated to carbohydrates and hence a large carb meal raises leptin (and insulin) levels, the body thinks it is not starving anymore (in fact it is overeating!) and sets off the fat burning process once you get back to eating leaner, lower calorie meals.

The moral of the story? Cheat meals are an indispensable part of healthy eating. Not only do they provide you with a psychological and gastronomical buzz, but they boost your body's fat burning process and therefore help you achieve your fitness goals! And if you have your cheat meal after a hard workout, you will be helping your muscles grow and retain glycogen which leaves little room for fat retention.

What's the catch? It is important to keep it to ONE cheat MEAL and not to turn it into a whole cheat DAY! Got that? Go on then, treat yourself :)!

Your Diet's #1 Enemy

Over a year ago I wrote a post on  healthy living which highlighted how sugar can sabotage your best efforts to get in shape. Now I want to show you the problems sugar causes.

A 2012 research article in the journal Nature argued that sugar is a toxic substance and should be regulated in the same way as tobacco and alcohol. Why? Because previous studies have found that too much sugar can adversely affect the liver and brain function, can wreak havoc on metabolism, and not only make people fat but also leave them more susceptible to heart disease, diabetes and even cancer!

According to US scientists 80% of our food choices contain sugar. In the earlier post I mentioned hidden sugars, such as those found in bread, milk and almost all processed foods whether they are sweet or savoury. However, there are three things to keep in mind: 1. Some sugar is converted into energy; 2. Excess sugar is turned into fat; and 3. Sugar is a type of carb and although your body needs a certain amount of sugar and fat, processed sugars are much worse than fat.

The most common problems sugar causes are:

1. Inexplicable weight gain: People often tend to avoid fat and go for all sorts of diet and low fat options. Unfortunately these are full of sugar to compensate for the lack in flavour. Too much sugar causes your blood sugar levels to spike and drop rapidly leaving you tired and hungry in a short space of time. And then you reach for some more food. It becomes a vicious cycle.

2. Brain fog: Sugar forms free radicals in the brain's membrane which prevent the cells from communicating properly. This has a negative effect on how well we remember things, process ideas and deal with our moods. 

3. Ageing skin: We all know that cigarettes and UV rays cause premature ageing of the skin, but did you know sugar does too? When sugar travels to the skin it causes amino acids (the proteins found in skin, hair and nails) to form cross-links which prevent them from repairing the skin cells. This in turn leaves the skin with premature wrinkles.

Terrible stuff isn't it? How do we stop? Well there is no easy answer to that. Many medical professionals suggests that people should try to keep their sugar intake as close to zero as possible (or at least under 10 teaspoons a day) and avoid processed foods. Some have suggested substituting sugar with cinnamon or satisfying sugar cravings with fruit and yoghurt. The real truth is that sugar can be addictive and our brains can crave the feel good boost it gives us. The only thing we can do is try our best and indulge in little treats once in a while.

Healthy Living

Have you started loving your body yet? Following my post about appreciating our lovely figures, which you can read about here, I think it is only appropriate to give you some facts and tips which will make your body love you too!

Image by Suat Eman ©

• Sugar is your number one enemy! Why? Because it helps the body convert carbs into fat (and because sugars themselves are made up of carbs). And I'm not just talking about the usual sugary stuff. Processed foods, such as white bread and toast cheese slices, are high in sugars too. Of course, the body needs sugar but you can get this in the form of sucrose from fresh and dried fruits and in the form of lactose from milk and other dairy products. So there's no need for cake and lollies (except the occasional treat that is :) ) 

• Exercising is vital to your mental and physical well-being. However, juts because you worked up a sweat in the gym (or on the field) does not mean you can indulge in fatty and sugary foods. For exercise to have any positive effect, you need to manage your calorie intake carefully.

Image by Sayan Samana ©

• Sure the body loses loads of vitamins and minerals during exercise, but gulping down Lucozade or any other sports drink is not doing you any favours. Such drinks are loaded with sugar (remember, your number one enemy?!). Research has proved that sports drinks are only useful to athletes who train more than 90 minutes per day, everyday. If you train less than that you should not drink it. Instead, make your own recovery drink at home by adding a pinch of salt and flour to a glass of water. All three of these contain vital minerals and electrolytes which are lost during exercise. Add to that plenty of fruits and veggies and you can replenish almost all of your vitamins and minerals.
• An interesting and disappointing fact - the thinner you are the less calories you burn. Basically, if you put two people, one heavy and one light, through the same intense work out the heavier person will burn more calories than the lighter one. Not fair, I know. But on the up side, leaner people with more muscle mass burn more calories when they are not doing any physical activity.

Image by  Glenn Jenkinson ©

• Finally, I would like to recommend to everyone NOT to follow any 'one-size-fits-all' diets. Whether you are trying to lose weight or just be healthier it is very important to understand that each person is different. Design your own diet by balancing foods that you simply can't live without with foods full of good nutrients. And you can even have one cheat day in the week when you allow yourself some small treats - this will stop you from binge eating at the end of your diet plan.

I hope that the information above was useful. Remember - being healthy is a lifestyle, not a crash weight loss diet. Always try to make healthier choices:  fewer ingredients listed on the label is always better!

Image by nixxphotography ©

Sports drinks research: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-3806/The-best-sports-drinks.html

Calories burnt during exercise: http://www.livestrong.com/article/525626-does-a-heavier-person-use-more-calories-than-a-thin-person-while-exercising/